I could have told them that umpires sometimes act in the interest of speeding up the game and saved them some time.....Just ask any umpire. The Quiet Eye Gaze is interesting and has application to expert hitters as well.
Contextual influences on baseball ball-strike decisions in umpires, players, and controls.
Source
School of Human Movement, Recreation and Performance, and the Centre for Aging, Rehabilitation, Exercise and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. clare.macmahon@vu.edu.au
Contextual influences on baseball ball-strike d... [J Sports Sci. 2008] - PubMed - NCBI:
Abstract
Baseball umpires, players, and control participants with no baseball experience were asked to call balls and strikes for video clips. In a basic judgement task, umpires and players were significantly better at calling pitches than controls. In a direct information task, borderline pitches were presented following clips of definite balls and definite strikes. Participants called target pitches closer to the strike end of the scale when viewed after definite balls than when they followed definite strikes. Similarly, when borderline pitches were shown in different pitch counts, participants called pitches more towards the strike end of the scale when there were three balls in the count (3-0, 3-2). These findings indicate that the standard for evaluation changes based on the context in which stimuli are processed. Moreover, the strength of the contextual factors is illustrated in that the effects were shown in observers with and without experience in the task. Overall, however, umpires had a greater tendency to call strikes, indicating that they may use a norm of "hastening the game".
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Quiet eye gaze behavior of expert, and near-expert, baseball plate umpires.
Source
Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Minnesota Duluth, 1216 Ordean Court, Duluth, MN 55812, USA. dmillsla@d.umn.edu
Abstract
The quiet eye gaze behavior of 4 near-expert and 4 expert baseball umpires who called balls and strikes in simulated pitch-hit situations was assessed with a mobile eye cornea tracker system. Statistical analyses of the umpires' gaze behavior (fixation/pursuit tracking, saccades, and blinks)--onset, duration, offset, and frequency--were performed between and within 4 stages (pitcher's preparation, pitcher's delivery, ball in flight, and umpire call) by umpire's skill level. The results indicated that the quiet eye of expert umpires at onset of the pitcher's release point occurred earlier and was longer in duration than near-expert umpires. Expert expert umpires. The area outside the pitcher's ball release point may be the key environment cue for the behind-the-plate umpire.
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